The internal genital organs of the female body are the vagina, the uterus, the two fallopian tubes and the two ovaries.

Vagina : The vagina is an elastic fibromuscular, hollow structure extending upwards and backwards from the vulva.

It connects the uterus to the external surface of the body through the vaginal opening in the vulva.

The vagina is the organ for sexual intercourse in the female body and forms the birth canal in labour during the delivery of a baby. It is also the opening through which the menstrual blood flows out during the menstrual period.

It is about 2.5 cm wide and 7 cm to 9cm long. But it has a great capacity to distend as is seen during childbirth.

The G-spot or the Graafenberg spot (also spelt as 'Grafenberg') is believed to be an erotic spot in the vagina that is highly sensitive to sexual stimulus. It is said to be a triangular area in the anterior vaginal wall, about 2.5cm from the vaginal opening and along the urethra. But anatomical dissection by many researchers have not found evidence of the existence of the G-spot.

Uterus : The uterus is a hollow, muscular pear-shaped structure situated deep in the pelvis and well protected by the pelvic bones.

It looks roughly like an inverted triangle with the broad base as its roof and the narrow apex at its lower end. This lower end also called the cervix opens into the vagina. The two angles on the two ends of the base of the triangle is connected to the two Fallopian tubes.

The adult uterus is about 8cm long and 5cm wide at its thickest part. Before the onset of menstruation, its length ranges from 2cm to 5 cms.The weight varies from 50gms to 80 gms. The non-pregnant uterus can hold only about 5ml of fluid. The inner lining of the uterus –called the ‘endometrium’- is a spongy area with a rich blood supply. Monthly shedding of this endometrium results in the phenomenon called ‘menstruation’.

The muscles of the uterus have a great capacity to increase both in number and in size (up to 500 times its normal size) during pregnancy.The uterus is the organ that receives, implants, retains and nourishes the foetus till it is mature. It increases gradually in size from the first trimester through the second trimester and upto the end of the third trimester. It then contracts and expels the foetus at the time of labour and childbirth.

Fallopian tubes : Also called the ‘Oviducts’, there are two fallopian tubes on either side the uterus. They extend out from the uterus like arms reaching for the ovaries which are positioned near them. Each tube has two openings. One opening connects to the uterus. The other opening is larger and wider and has a number of finger-like projections all around it called the ‘fimbriae’.

The fimbriae lie near the ovary of the same side and picks up the ovum at the time it is released from the ovary (‘ovulation’). Microscopic hairs called cilia line the inner side of the tube and help in propelling the ovum towards the uterus.

Each tube is about 10cms long. The width varies at different parts along the length, being more towards the ovarian side and thinner but more muscular towards the uterine side. Its widest part, the ampulla lies next to the fimbria and its importance lies in the fact that fertilization of the ovum by the sperm usually occurs in this region.

The fallopian tubes are also the commonest site where blockage can occur leading to infertility.